This book is about analyses of policy and productivity of Indonesian rice production. The theme of this book was inspired by the fact that Indonesian people still depend on rice as the calorie intake. As a source of calories for more than 250 million of people, rice is politically and economically strategic. As well, Indonesia is considered an agrarian country where about half of the people work in the agricultural sector. In the policy aspects, it covers a brief historical and political economies that underlie government interventions to achieve self-sufficiency of rice, and eventually food security. The interventions include price policy, institutional and technological changes. In the productivity aspects, it covers production efficiencies, sustainability performance and sustainable productivity growth.